微型计算机技术课件port.ppt

Chapter 11 What is I/O interface（circuit）? Between CPU and IO devices Used to help data transfer and control task All kinds of peripherals Most of them can not directly connect to CPU They need a medium interface circuit between CPU and themselves This kind of circuit is called IO interface. IO interface plays a role in data buffer and information connection of input and output work. signal transform, speed matching, data buffer, etc. I/O space 8086 use AD0~AD15 to locate IO ports. That is to say，ports has a maximum number of 216＝65536（64K），the number (address) of the ports from 0000H to FFFFH Each port transfers a byte of data. I/O addressing modes Immediately addressing mode：used in accessing the number of ports before 256(00H~FFH), such as 39H Register indirect addressing mode：used in accessing all ports，the value of DX is the number of port For those have the number larger than 256, only the register indirect addressing mode can be used. 8088/8086 input/output instructions Input （IN：data flow from IO to CPU） IN AL,39H ;bring in 1byte of data IN AL,DX ; bring in 1byte of data output（OUT：CPU transfer data to IO） OUT 39H, AL ;send 1 byte of data OUT DX, AL ;send 1 byte of data Memory-mapped I/O advantage： Use instructions accessing memory locations to access I/O ports (instead of IN and OUT instructions) Data can be transferred into any register, rather than into the accumulator (AL or AX) The number of I/O ports can be as high as 220(of course, many ports are never needed) Memory-mapped I/O disadvantage： It use memory address space, which could lead to memory space fragmentation. (major and severe disadvantage) Program can not be clearly read. The Decoding circuit is expensive since all 20 bits address(A0~A19) should be decoded. advantage： I/O space is isolate with memory space Using IN and OUT instructions to communicate with I/O devices, so program is clearly readable. Address decoder is simple (only A0~A15 are decoded) disadvantage： I/O operation is restr