戏剧简介(英文).ppt

* * Drama ——熊梦蕴 ●Drama ?Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. The term comes from a Greek word meaning action which is derived from to do. The enactment of drama in theatre, performed by actors on a stage before an audience, presupposes(预先假定) collaborative（合作的） modes of production and a collective form of reception. ?The structure of dramatic texts, unlike other forms of literature, is directly influenced by this collaborative production and collective reception ●History of Western drama ?Classical Athenian drama ?Western drama originates in classical Greece. The theatrical culture of the city-state of Athens produced three genres of drama: tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play(【古希腊】森林之神滑稽短歌剧,? 萨堤罗斯滑稽剧). Their origins remain obscure, though by the 5th century BCE they were institutionalised in competitions held as part of festivities celebrating the god Dionysus（狄俄尼索斯：酒神和宗教狂欢庆祝大自然权力和丰饶之神） . ●Satyr play ?Satyr plays were an ancient Greek form of tragicomedy, similar in spirit to burlesque(讽刺作品). They featured choruses of satyrs, were based on Greek mythology, and were rife with mock drunkenness, brazen sexuality, pranks, sight gags, and general merriment. Satyric drama was one of the three varieties of Athenian drama, the other two being tragedy and comedy. It can be traced back to Pratinas of Phlius, circa 500 BC. Papposilenus playing the crotals, theatrical type of the satyr play ?Roman drama ?Following the expansion of the Roman Republic (509–27 BCE) into Greek between 270–240 BCE, Rome encountered Greek drama. From the later years of the republic and the Roman Empire (27 BCE-476 CE), theatre spread west across Europe, around the Mediterranean and reached England; Roman theatre was more varied, extensive and sophisticated than that of any culture before it. ?While Greek drama continued to be performed throughout the Roman period, the year 240 BCE marks the beginning of regular Roman drama. ?Th