文艺复兴【英文】.ppt

Pythagoras Socrates Plato and Aristotle Euclid Zoroaster Ptolemy Raphael (back)? Northern Renaissance The Renaissance in northern Europe (outside Italy) There was increased cultural exchange between European countries Printed materials helped to spread ideas Centralization of political power made the northern Renaissance distinct from the Italian Renaissance (e.g., nation-states instead of Italian city-states) ? Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas. ? Northern Renaissance thinkers merged humanist ideas with Christianity. ? The movable type printing press and the production and sale of books (Gutenberg Bible) helped disseminate ideas and allowed more people to become educated. Cultural and educational reform The study of classical culture (ancient Greece and Rome), in contrast with the study of things related to the church and religion Celebrated the individual Was supported by wealthy patrons (financial supporters) Literature flourished during the Renaissance and spread Renaissance ideas, which can be greatly attributed to Johannes Gutenberg. In 1455 Gutenberg printed the first book produced by using moveable type, The Bible, and started a printing revolution that would transform Europe. Literacy rates increased PetrarchPoet, Humanistscholar Francesco Petrarch 1304-1374 Assembled Greek and Roman writings Wrote: Sonnets to Laura (Love poems in the Vernacular) Influenced William Shakespeare William Shakespeare1564-1616 English poet and playwright Well-known plays include: Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet Influence and Impact on the Renaissance: He expanded the dramatic potential of characterization (his characters were very complex), plot, language (creative), and genre Erasmus(1466-1536) Dutch humanist Pushed for a Vernacular form of the Bible “I disagree very much with those who are unwilling that Holy Scripture, translated into the vernacular, be read by the uneducated . . . As if the streng