曼昆《经济学原理》24measuringcost.ppt

24 Measuring the Cost of Living Measuring the Cost of Living Inflation refers to a situation in which the economy’s overall price level is rising. The inflation rate is the percentage change in the price level from the previous period. THE CONSUMER PRICE INDEX The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of the overall cost of the goods and services bought by a typical consumer. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports the CPI each month. It is used to monitor changes in the cost of living over time. THE CONSUMER PRICE INDEX When the CPI rises, the typical family has to spend more dollars to maintain the same standard of living. How the Consumer Price Index Is Calculated Fix the Basket: Determine what prices are most important to the typical consumer. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) identifies a market basket of goods and services the typical consumer buys. The BLS conducts monthly consumer surveys to set the weights for the prices of those goods and services. How the Consumer Price Index Is Calculated Find the Prices: Find the prices of each of the goods and services in the basket for each point in time. How the Consumer Price Index Is Calculated Compute the Basket’s Cost: Use the data on prices to calculate the cost of the basket of goods and services at different times. How the Consumer Price Index Is Calculated Choose a Base Year and Compute the Index: Designate one year as the base year, making it the benchmark against which other years are compared. Compute the index by dividing the price of the basket in one year by the price in the base year and multiplying by 100. How the Consumer Price Index Is Calculated Compute the inflation rate: The inflation rate is the percentage change in the price index from the preceding period. How the Consumer Price Index Is Calculated The Inflation Rate The inflation rate is calculated as follows: Table 1 Calculating the Consumer Price Index and the Inflation Rate: An Example Table 1 Calculating the Consumer Price Ind