大三语言学基础WeekXVIIXVIII：PolitenessPrinciple概要1.pptVIP

* 语言学 Linguistics Week XV XVI Politeness Principle Face-saving Theory They appeared to one another exactly as they had in college --- as raw youngsters whose present mustaches, baldnesses, paunches, and wrinkles were but jovial disguises put on for the evening. “You haven’t changed a particle!” they marveled. The men whom they could not recall they addressed, “Well, well, great to see you again, old man. What are you --- still doing the same thing?” ——Sinclair Lewis，Babbitt Dr. Johnson, the lexicographer, was once assailed by a fishwoman with foul epithets. Whereupon he turned upon her, and berated her terribly. He called her a noun, an adverb, an interjection, an adjective, and thus like, until she waxed as mad as a hornet. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ——周道焜，《幽默大观》：360 I. Politeness Principle Problems with CP and the Birth of PP Why indirect? Sense Force Scenario 1 A: We’ll all miss Bill and Agatha, won’t we? B: Well, we’ll all miss B?LL. Scenario 2 P: Someone’s eaten the icing off the cake. C: It wasn’t Mě. Dear Sir, Mr. X’s command of English is excellent, and his attendance at tutorials has been regular, etc. Yours Scenario 3 到鸿渐讲完……吕校长板脸哑声致谢词道：“今天承方博士讲给我们听许多新奇的议论，我们感觉浓厚的兴趣。方博士是我世侄，我自小看他长大，知道他爱说笑话，今天天气很热，所以他有意讲些幽默的话。我希望将来有机会听到他的正经严肃的弘论。但我愿意告诉方博士：我们学校图书馆充满新生活的精神，绝对没有法国小说─”说时手打着空气。鸿渐羞得不敢看台下。（钱钟书，《围城》，1998：33） “Opium inspired many works of literature” “Syphilis …is capable of stimulating genius” a） competitive（竞争类，如命令，恳请） b） convivial（和谐类，如给予、邀请） c） collaborative（协作类，如阐述、告诉） d） conflictive（冲突类，如谴责、威胁） Leech’s Classification of SAs textual rhetoric rhetoric interpersonal rhetoric Competitives demand politeness far more than other kinds like convivials and collaboratives, because the the goals of which are intrinsically DISCOURTEOUS, whereas convivials are intrinsically COURTEOUS and, for collaboratives, politeness is largely irrelevant. Last, Conflictives, designed to cause offence, are impolite by