新能源材料 Chapter 1.ppt

New Energy Materials New Energy Materials Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview 1.2　Classification and properties of new energy materials 1.3 Applications of new energy materials 1.4 Status of new energy materials References: 1.2.3 Wind energy ● Caused by solar radiation: ~ 2% of solar energy ● Global: 2.74×109 MW total, 2×107 MW can be utilized ● Clean energy ● Generate electricity ● Lift water (Netherlands, “the country of windmill”) ● Cost: ￥0.4~0.7/kWh ● Global capacity: over 25 000 MW ● Global production value: over $ 5 billion/year 1.2.4 Bio-energy ● Biomass: produced by photosynthesis ● Stored in biology in the form of chemical energy transformed from solar energy ● Generate electricity: burning directly, gasification, pyrogenation ● Firedamp: CH4, CO2 ● Transform route of biomass: thermochemistry, biochemistry, distill 1.2.5 Ocean energy ● Ocean area: 3.6×108 km2 , 71% of the earth ● Tide energy: ~ 0.1 billion kW ● Wave energy: ~ 1 billion kW ● Ocean current energy: ~ 0.3 billion kW ● Difference in temperature: ~ 2 billion kW ● Difference in salt: ~ 3 billion kW ● Main utilization form: generate electricity 1.2.6 Geothermic energy ● Renewable heat energy comes from the deep in earth ● Origin: melting magma and disintegration of radioactive materials ● Five types: steam, hot water, geostatic, xerothermic magma, magma ● Energy carrier: water ● Applications: hot well, greenhouse, heat pump, generate electricity New energy materials Hydrogen storage materials MH-Ni battery materials Li-ion battery materials Fuel cell materials Solar cell materials 1.3.1 Hydrogen storage materials ● Metal (Alloy) AB5 type (LaNi5) 1969, Philips lab, LaNi5, H content 1.4 wt.%, for Ni-MH battery, rapid degradation 1984, Willims, Co substitution for Ni, multi-alloying, cycle life improved greatly LaNi5-xMx (M = Al, Co, Mn, Cu, Ga, Sn, In, Cr, Fe) La partial substituted by Ce, Pr, Nb, Y, Sm, Mm, Ml, Zr, Ti Electroc