河口生态学Lecture_12Trophodynamics and Eutrophication.ppt

* Comic of the Day Lecture 12 Trophodynamics and Eutrophication Trophodynamics Trophodynamics is the study of energy flow in food webs Trophic Levels - 1) primary producer, 2 - 5) consumers - Most food webs have 5 trophic levels (why?) Lindemans 10% Rule - Only 10% of the energy (carbon) is transferred to the next highest level (may be as high as 15%) Food Webs are constructed based on anatomical features of organisms, observations of feeding, gut analysis, and stable isotopes Simple North Sea Food Web From Cushing and Walsh 1976 Energy Flow Diagram for Narragansett Bay From Kremer an