电子教案 糖代谢(英文版).ppt

Glycogenolysis 14 glucose 1-phosphate 12 glucose 1-phosphate 1 glucose phosphorylase a phosphorylase a glucan transferase glucosidase phosphorylase a end 3. Regulation of Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis end 4. The significance of glycogenesis and glycogenolysis Liver glycogen (as much as 10% of liver wet weight) functions as a glucose reserve for maintaining blood glucose concentration. Muscle glycogen (total 400gram) serves as a fuel reserve for synthesis of ATP within that tissue. Section VI Gluconeogenesis The process of transformation of non-carbohydrates to glucose or glycogen is termed as gluconeogenesis. 1. The basic process of gluconeogenesis essentially a reversal of glycolysis with three barriers circumvented by four additional enzymes: 1) from pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate: pyruvate carboxylase phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase 2) from fructose 1,6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 3) from glucose 6-phosphate to glucose glucose 6-phosphatase Glc G-6-P F-6-P F-1,6BP GAP 1,3-BPG 3-PG 2PG PEP Lactate Pyruvate DHAP Oxaloacetate 1-1 The conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenol pyruvate 1-2 The conversion of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate 1-3 The conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to glucose Substrate cycle or futile cycle: nothing is accomplished but the waste of the difference between the ATP formation in one direction and that required in the opposite direction. Bumblebee must maintain a thoracic temperature of about 30°C to fly. A bumblebee is able to maintain this high thoracic temperature and forage for food even when