第一章：词的概论.ppt

e. A word may consist of one or more morphemes; Eg: mountainscape, I f. Words are part of the large communication system we call language (context meaning—sound+form+grammar+function); g. A word occurs typically in the structure of phrases. Morphemes-words-phrases-clauses-sentences EG: BULL 1.N-COUNT?A?bull?is a male animal of the cow family. 公牛 2.N-COUNT?Some other male animals, including elephants and whales, are called?bulls. 巨大的雄性动物 3.N-COUNT?In the stock market,?bulls?are people who buy shares in expectation of a price rise, in order to make a profit by selling the shares again after a short time. Compare?bear. (股票市场上) 买空的人 4.N-COUNT?In the Roman Catholic church, a papal?bull?is an official statement on a particular subject that is issued by the pope. 教皇训谕 5.N-UNCOUNT?If you say that something is?bull?or a load of?bull, you mean that it is complete nonsense or absolutely untrue. 胡说八道 6.ADJ?male; masculine 男性的; 雄性的 7.V?to raise or attempt to raise the price or prices of (a stock market or a security) by speculative buying (通过投机)推高股价 Context – pin down its meaning He signed the bull. Let’s bull our way into the line. We had a bull session. Keys: 训谕；冲开；长谈，吹牛谈天 表音体系和表意体系反应人类认识世界的不同途径： 表音体系是曲径： 事物（太阳），先发音\sun\ 、再用三个字母表示sun. eg.“创世纪”亚当命名 表意体系是直径：事物（太阳），直接用图形或文字描述○，后来日。Eg.仓颉造字 自源（表意）文字和他源（表音）文字：因为自源文字的创造是为了直接表达对世界的认识，而他源文字是利用别的文字来记录自己对世界的认识，因而只能把文字作为“符号的符号”来记录本民族的“符号”（已有的读音）。 Basic word stock（基本词汇） and Non-basic vocabulary（一般词汇） Basic word stock refers to the words which can describe the basic concept and context and denote the commonest things necessary for life and the most indispensable things. E.g words about the nature: wind, rain, snow, sun; Words about seasons: spring; Words about body: head, foot; Words about kinship: father, daughter; Words about plants: tree, oak; Words about animals: cat, horse; Words about color: red, blue; Words about motion: go, come And auxiliary, modal verbs, pronouns, numerals, prepositions and conjunctions… … Features