结构健康监测中的几个基本问题及其进展.ppt

结构健康监测中的几个基本问题及其进展  中南大学土木建筑学院 “长江学者奖励计划”特聘教授 桥梁与隧道工程博士生导师 系统识别 力锤激励－Hammer Hammer excitation is ready to go 竖向激振器-Shakers 横向激振器-Shakers Free Vibration Excitations Problems with Civil Engineering Structures It is extremely difficult to realize the excitation on a large-scale structure. Some heavy forced excitations become very expensive. Traffic has to be shut down for a rather long time. This could be a serious problem for intensively used bridges. The need to identify modal models under operational conditions often arises for the on-line monitoring. Output-Only SI Methods Peak-picking from power spectral densities (PSDs); Auto Regressive-Moving Average (ARMA) model based on discrete-time data; Natural excitation technique (NExT); Stochastic subspace methods et al. Frequency-Domain SI Techniques Based on the fact that FRFs goes through an extreme around the natural frequencies. The reference signal is used as an input and FRFs and coherence functions are computed for each measurement point with respect to reference point. The most popular, mainly due to their simplicity and processing speed, and also for historical reasons. Involve averaging temporal information, thus discarding most of their details; Always a real modal analysis. Time-Domain SI Techniques Directly work with time data, without the need to convert them to correlations or spectra; Based on a discrete-time state space model of a dynamic system; Identify the state space matrices based on the measurements and then determine modal parameters; Need robust numerical techniques such as QR-factorization or least squares; It is always complex modes. Peak-Picking in Frequency-Domain The simplest approach to estimate the modal parameters of a structure subjected to ambient loading. The FRFs are simply replaced by the auto spectra of the ambient outputs without the real FRFs computed. the natural frequencies are simply determined from the observation of the peaks of the average normalized power