翻译Developmentofa Small Scale Mashing and Fermentation System for Studies on Malt Whisky Production.docx

Development of a Small Scale Mashing and Fermentation Systemfor Studies on Malt Whisky ProductionC. M. Ramsay and D. R. BerryYeast Technology Group, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Applied Microbiology Division,University of Strathclyde, George Street, Glasgow G1 1XW, ScotlandSummary:Atechnique has been developed toproduce up to 101 of fresh wort in laboratoryconditions for use in small scale whisky fermentations.Neither boiled or sterilised wort can be used forthis process. Using this wort experiments have beencarried out to investigate the physiology of the maltwhisky fermentation. The fermentation was found tohave an initial acceleration phase, a linear phase anda decline phase. The level of higher alcohols, fattyacids and esters was measured at different stages ofthe fermentation using a carbon disulphide extract ofthe cell free wash to prepare the samples for GLCanalysis. The formation of the higher alcohols followsthe same pattern as ethanol, as did the acetate estersof higher alcohols. However medium chain fatty acidsand their ethyl esters were produced throughout thefermentation.Introduction：The production of Scotch malt whisky is essentially atraditional process which involves the fermentation ofan all malt wort by yeast and double distillation of thefermented wort or wash in copper pot stills. Variousaspects of the process have previously been described(Simpson 1968; Lyons and Rose 1977) and numerouspapers have been published on the analysis of whiskyaroma (Kahn 1969). However, little has been publishedconcerning the fermentation stage and how theconditions employed may affect the yield of alcoholand spirit quality. The only data available pertainingto the malt whisky fermentation, concerns the effectof temperature (Merritt 1966), suspended solids(Merritt 1967) and the level of bacterial infection(Dolan 1976). Merritt considered ethanol and themajor class of volatiles, the higher alcohols, andDolan the yield of ethanol only. The small scalemash