英美概况USA-10.11 S.ppt

1. The Executive 2. The Legislature 3. The Judiciary Three basic principles Federalismdivision of power between the national government the state governments Separation of powers division of power between the legislative, executive, and judicial branch Supremacy of the Constitution 1. Executive: The President Head of state; head of government; commander-in-chief of Armed Forces. Elected by the Electoral College. Term of office: 4 years, at most two terms [Amendment 22, passed in 1947, ratified in 1951] Qualications: a natural-born citizen; 35+ years old; a permanent resident in the U.S. for 14+ years. Barack Obama: 44th; Jan. 20, 2009 Salary: $400,000 Vice-president Secretary of State vice president Like the President, also elected by the Electoral College. Second-highest executive official of the government President of the Senate secretary of state head of the US Department of State, concerned with foreign affairs. 1. Executive Organization: Cabinet Composed of the heads of 15 federal executive departments, and 8 cabinet-level officers such as the Vice President and White House Chief of Staff . The existence of the Cabinet dates back George Washington, who appointed a Cabinet of four men: Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson Secretary of the Treasury: Alexander Hamilton Secretary of War: Henry Knox Attorney General: Edmund Randolph 1. Executive Organization: EOP The Executive Office of the President [EOP, 总统行政办公室] consists of the immediate staff of the President, as well as multiple levels of support staff. White House Chief of Staff [白宫办公厅主任] Created in 1939 by President F. D. Roosevelt. 2. The Legislature 2.1 Congress: basics 2.2 Leadership 2.3 The Committees 2.4 Passage of Bills 2.1 Congress The US Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate. What is the British legislature? The British Parliament The House of Lords Commons Where does the US Congress me