英语国家概况 Chapter 11-2.ppt

Transportation （交通） Shipping The heavily indented coastlines and many short rivers of the British Isles provide many harbors and waterways suitable for boats and small ships. Currently, there are nearly 80 commercial ports with continuing development of port facilities and harbors. Major deep-water ports（深水港） Liverpool Glasgow Major deep-water ports Cardiff Belfast Canals and Railroads（运河与铁路） Canals Railroads Roads and Motorways（交通大道与高速公路） Roads Motorways Major international airports（机场） London Manchester Major international airports Heathrow （希思罗机场） Heathrow, one of the three main London airports, is the busiest international airport in the world. Natural Resources The main natural resources in Britain are coal (煤), petroleum (石油), natural gas (天然气), iron ore (铁矿石), limestone (石灰石), clay shale (粘土页岩, 泥页岩), chalk (白垩) and tin (锡). Coal and petroleum are the most important. Coal mining in Britain The Ayrshire (亚尔郡) field in Scotland South Wales Central England --the largest one of the country (including York, Birmingham, Nottingham, Leicester and Derby) Petroleum in Britain There are more than fifty oil fields in the North Sea, near Britain. They are shown in brown. Each field can have a number of platforms extracting oil and possibly some rigs drilling exploration wells. There are also more than twenty gas fields off the Norfolk coast. North Sea oil and gas fields Glasgow-- the largest city of Scotland Industrial city Ship-building center Wales 威尔士 Wales Wales covers an area of about 20,700 square kilometers. It is geographically divided into the industrial south, the central plateaus and lakes and the mountainous north of the farmers and tourists. Most of Wales is mountainous, mainly formed by the Cambrian Mountain Range (坎布里安山脉). In Wales, only 12% of the land is arable, 6% is covered with forest, and much of the land is pastureland for sheep and cattle. The most fertile land in Wales is found near t