英语演讲选修课chapter 2 topic.ppt

Chapter 2 Selecting a topic and purpose Today’s schedule Choosing a topic Determining the purpose Tips for formulating the specific purpose Phrasing the central idea Selecting a topic Speeches outside the classroom the occasion, the audience, the speaker’s qualifications Speeches in the public speaking class no designated topic What is a suitable speech topic? Worthwhile Appropriate Limited in scope Suitable topic Worthwhile significant implications for the audience Appropriate know a lot, like to learn more Limited in scope dividing the topic into several significant parts. Determining your purpose General purpose: the broad goal 总体目标 To inform: convey information enhance the knowledge and understanding To persuade: advocate or partisan Change or structure the attitudes or actions Difference: explain or exhort Specific purpose 具体目标 to inform my audience about… to persuade my audience to … Explain ←→ exhort Specific Purpose Specific purpose: ( single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech.). 简单的肯定句 Topic: Emergencies General purpose: To inform Specific purpose: To inform my audience of the major steps in responding to an emergency Tips for formulating the specific purpose statement Tip 1: Write the purpose statement as a full infinitive phrase(完整的短语）, not as a fragment（片段） Calendars To inform my audience about the three major kinds of calendars used in the world today. 历法主要分为阳历、阴历和阴阳历三种。阳历亦即太阳历，主要根据地球绕太阳一周为一年，现时国际通用的公历（格里历）即为阳历的一种，亦简称为阳历；阴历亦称月亮历，主要根据月亮绕地球运行一周时间为一个月（29.59059天），大月30天，小月29天，一年12个月354天或355天，伊斯兰历即为阴历的一种；阴阳历以月亮绕地球一周为1个月，但设置闰月，使得一年的平均天数与太阳年的天数相符，因此这种历法与月相相符，也与地球绕太阳周期运动相符合。农历就是阴阳历的一种。 Tip 2Express your purpose as a statement, not as a question 陈述句 ? Ineffective: Is China’s space program necessary? More effective: To persuade my audience that China’s space program provides many important benefits to people here on