英语语言学的语言.pptVIP

Lecture 5;教学目标及基本要求：Teaching target and object ;教学重点 Teaching focus;Revision exercises;What is Morphology;For example: “Purify”-----consists of two parts: “pur(e)” and “ –ify”, from which one can work out a rule: a new form of verb can be formed by adding “-ify” to an adjective. This is called a morphological rule. “doing”---consisted of two parts “do” and “-ing”,from which we can work out a rule:we can put “ –ing” to a verb to form a “-ing’ participle. 形态学研究词素、词素的不同形态(即词素变体)极其构词法.英语形态学是研究英语词素及其构词法的.; ;What do you think of the following definitions of a word?;The four characteristics of a word; The definition of a word and the classification of words A word is a meaningful and grammatical language unit which can be used by its own. Every word belongs to a certain word class and in English ,words can be divided into the following ten classes: n.v.adj.adv.prep.pron.article,determiner, conjunction, interjection. These ten word classes can be divided into Open Class and Closed Class ;Open Class refers to noun, verb, adjective, and adverb, because we can regularly add another morpheme or a new word to these word classes. E.g. “boyfriend”,”dislike”,”impossible”. Open class words are also termed lexical words or content words or variable words for they all carry certain semantic contents. Eg. Book books book’s Work works worked working Fast faster fastest;;;What is a morpheme?（词素） A morpheme is the smallest linguistic unit that carries grammatical and / or semantic meaning.This means that it can not be further divided into smaller grammatical units. A morpheme may be a complete word or an affix.;For example: “ book”, “help”, clap” ,”from” “television”, ‘gentleness” “unavoidable ;;; ;;;Allomorph（词素变体）:An allomorph is the different variants of the same morpheme. It can be phonologically or morphologically conditioned. See more on p. 82;;How many allomorphs does the plural morpheme”-s’ have?;How many allomorphs does the past f