Na+平衡电位方向.PPT

Ion Channels Are Important for Signaling in the Nervous System Ion channels have three important properties1. They conduct ions2. They recognize and select specific ions3. They open and close in response to specific electrical, mechanical, or chemical signals. Gates: voltage-gated channels, ligand-gated channels, mechanically gated channels, non-gated channels [Ca++]i? Action potential發生過程(簡要) 1. 靜止膜電位-70 mV, K+ permeability最大, 極化狀況 2. 正離子入或負離子出細胞皆可造成極化狀況減少,而引發電位開啟之Na+孔道打開, Na+因電及濃度關係由外向內。 3. 當膜電位改變大於閾值, Na+入細胞又使細胞內正電增多因而造成更多Na+入細胞 (正迴饋作用) 之不可逆變化。至電位變化至+35 mV左右 Na+孔道不活化且電位開啟之K+孔道開啟,K+ (因電及濃度關係) 離開細胞。 4. K+離開細胞使膜電位向極化方向, (因K+為正電離開細胞)。最終比靜止膜電位更負(因K+ permeability更大) 最後回靜止膜電位。 Na+-K+ pump運作始回復。 Membrane Potential 1. Resting membrane potential 為何為負電？ 2. Action potential 最高不超過 +100 mV 最低不會-200 mV 原因為何？ ?A A→B ?B B→A + A→B 0 no net - B→A Electrochemical Equilibrium and the Nernst Equation 只有可動ion可去平衡兩邊電位差 Action potential發生過程(補充) 1. 靜止膜電位K+ permeability最大, 膜電位接近但未達K+平衡電位。 2. 正離子入或負離子出細胞皆可造成,極化狀況減少,而引發電位開啟之Na+孔道打開, Na+因電及濃度關係由外向內。 3. 當膜電位改變大於閾值, Na+入細胞又使細胞內正電增多因而造成更多Na+入細胞 (正迴饋作用) 之不可逆變化。至電位變化至+35 mV左右往Na+平衡電位方向,但未達時Na+孔道不活化且電位開啟之K+孔道開啟,K+ (因電及濃度關係) 離開細胞。 4. K+離開細胞使膜電位向極化方向, (因K+為正電離開細胞)。最終比靜止膜電位更負(因K+ permeability更大更接近K+平衡電位) 最後回靜止膜電位。 Na+-K+ pump運作始回復。 Opening of voltage-gated channels is all-or-none Genes encoding the K+, Na+, and Ca2+ channels stem from a common ancestor Gating of the Na+ channel is thought to rely on redistribution of net charge in the S4 region Active Electrical Properties of the Neuron Action potentials move rapidly along myelinated axons because the only parts of the neuronal membrane that undergo ion movements are the section at the Nodes of Ranvier. 1.電位變化不隨時間及距離衰減 2.電位變化不與刺激成正比 3. All or none 4. Vg Na+ and K+ channel 5. 不反應期 6. 傳導 7. Myelin sheath Synaptic Transmission Chemical synapse: Chemical synapse: neuromuscular junction 1.very accessible to experimentation 2.one muscle one