新编英语语法教程Subordination_I.pptVIP

Subordination I Nominal adverbial clause Warm-up Peas are harvested in the spring. They can not tolerate hot weather. Pumpkings need hot weather to mature. They are harvested in the fall. Coordination: and, but Subordination: because (the former, the latter) Subordination means putting a grammatical unit in a lower rank or position. A grammatical unit functions as a constituent of another unit of equal or lower rank of structure is called a subordinate construction, which might be a finite clause, a non-finite clause, a verbless clause, or a phrase. Subordinator Simple Complex Correlative Marginal Simple subordinator One-word subordinator: after, although, as, because, before, directly, for, if, immediately, lest, once, since, that, though, till, unless, until, when(ever), whereupon, while/whilst Eg: I’ll call you immediately (directly) I get the news. She laughed at him, whereupon he walked out. Complex subordinator Multi-word subordinator: that: given (that), in the event that, now (that), provided (that), so that as: according as, forasmuch as / inasmuch as/ insomuch as (‘seeing that’/‘since’ fm) Eg: Everyone contributes according as he is able. (“取决于”fm） as if, as though, in case Correlative subordinator Two correlative words: as…as, as…so, barely/hardly/scarcely…when, more…than, no sooner…than, not so…as, so(such)…that, the…the, whether…or Marginal subordinator Some free lexical combination: even if, if only, just as, only if, for the reason that, in spite of the fact that, regardless of the fact that Subordinate clauses adverbial relative/attributive Subordination subject object predicative appositive comple