第15节计算机学科基础.ppt

Chapter 15 Networks 网络 Chapter Goals Describe the core issues related to computer networks 描述与计算机网络相关的核心问题 List various types of networks and their characteristics 列出各种类型的网络和它们的特征 Explain various topologies of local-area networks 解释局域网的各种拓扑 Explain why network technologies are best implemented as open systems 解释为什么用开放式系统实现网络技术 Chapter Goals Compare and contrast various technologies for home Internet connections 比较家庭Internet连接的各种技术 Explain packet switching 解释包交换 Describe the basic roles of various network protocols 说明各种网络协议的基本职责 Explain the role of a firewall 解释防火墙的功能 Compare and contrast network hostnames and IP addresses 比较网络的主机名和IP地址 Explain the domain name system 解释域名系统 Networking网络 Computer network A collection of computing devices that are connected in various ways in order to communicate and share resources 计算机网络是为了通信和共享资源而以各种方式连在一起。 Usually, the connections between computers in a network are made using physical wires or cables 计算机之间的连接通常是靠物理电线或电缆实现的。 However, some connections are wireless, using radio waves or infrared signals 但是，有些连接使用无线电波或红外信号传导数据。 Networking网络 The generic term node or host refers to any device on a network 用通常的术语节点或主机来指网络中的所有设备。 Data transfer rate The speed with which data is moved from one place on a network to another 数据传输速率：数据从网络中的一点到另一点的速率。 Data transfer rate is a key issue in computer networks 数据传输速率是计算机网络中的一个关键问题。 数据传输速率又称带宽，单位: kbps, mbps Networking网络 Computer networks have opened up an entire frontier in the world of computing called the client/server model 计算机网络开创了一个新的计算领域 – 客户/服务器模式 Networking网络 File server A computer that stores and manages files for multiple users on a network 文件服务器：专用于为网络用户存储和管理文件的计算机。 Web server A computer dedicated to responding to requests (from the browser client) for web pages Web服务器：专用于响应网页请求的计算机。 Types of Networks网络的类型 Local-area network (LAN) A network that connects a relatively small number of machines in a relatively close geographical area 局域网(LAN)：是连接在较小地理范围内的少