盐水入侵理论预测模型及其在钱塘江河口的应用 - 水力发电学报.pdfVIP

水力发电学报 2016 年第35 卷第11 期: 9-15 Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 2016, Vol. 35, No. 11: 9-15 盐水入侵理论预测模型及其在钱塘江河口的应用 李光辉，孙志林，胡世祥，郭 聪 （浙江大学港口海岸与近海工程研究所，杭州 310058 ） 摘 要：盐水入侵是河口地区较为严重的环境问题，对各用途用水都有一定影响。钱塘江河口作为杭州的主要饮 用水源地，近年来受盐水入侵影响较为严重。虽然 2D 和 3D 数值模型在盐水入侵方面已得到广泛应用，然而理 论预测模型只需要较少的数据即可建立，更加快速高效。本文在 Savenije 一维盐度平衡方程基础上，建立了钱塘 江河口（地形以指数形式衰减）涨憩和落憩时刻的盐水入侵预测模型。我们采用 2012 年 11 月 7—9 日（小潮）和 11 月 14—16 日（大潮）时段的实测水文、盐度数据对模型进行率定和验证。结果表明，模型盐度计算值和实测 值吻合较好，并且通过模型计算得出钱塘江盐水入侵长度也具有一定精度。 关键词：盐水入侵；预测模型；钱塘江；涨憩；落憩 中图分类号：P343.5 文献标志码：A DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb Predictive model for salt water intrusion and its application in the Qiantang Estuary LI Guanghui, SUN Zhilin, HU Shixiang, GUO Cong (Institute of Port, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058) Abstract: Salt water intrusion in estuaries, which occurs naturally and affects the quality of water for various uses, is an urgent environmental issue. The Qiantang Estuary, as the main source of freshwater supply to Hangzhou city, is experiencing serious salt water intrusion in recent years. Although 2D and 3D numerical models are common tools for prediction of salinity intrusion at present, analytical models of salinity variations require smaller data sets and hence are much more efficient. In this paper, a predictive salt water intrusion model is developed for prediction of both high water slack and low water slack in this typical macro-tidal estuary with topography well described by an exponential function, based on Savenije’s one-dimensional steady equation. This model was calibrated and validated against field data of water flow and salinity collected on 7-9 November (neap tide) and