SATII物理高频术语之C篇.docxVIP

SATII物理高频术语之C篇 360教育集团介绍：Calorie　　The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. 1 cal = 4.19 J.　　Celsius　　A scale for measuring temperature, defined such that water freezes at 0oC and boils at 100oC. 0oC = 273 K.　　Center of curvature　　With spherical mirrors, the center of the sphere of which the mirror is a part. All of the normals pass through it.　　Center of mass　　Given the trajectory of an object or system, the center of mass is the point that has the same acceleration as the object or system as a whole would have if its mass were concentrated at that point. In terms of force, the center of mass is the point at which a given net force acting on a system will produce the same acceleration as if the system’s mass were concentrated at that point.　　Centripetal acceleration　　The acceleration of a body experiencing uniform circular motion. This acceleration is always directed toward the center of the circle.　　Centripetal force　　The force necessary to maintain a body in uniform circular motion. This force is always directed radially toward the center of the circle.　　Chain reaction　　The particles and energy released by the fission or fusion of one atom may trigger the fission or fusion of further atoms. In a chain reaction, fission or fusion is rapidly transferred to a large number of atoms, releasing tremendous amounts of energy.　　Charles’s Law　　For a gas held at constant pressure, temperature and volume are directly proportional.　　Coefficient of kinetic friction　　The coefficient of kinetic friction, , for two materials is the constant of proportionality between the normal force and the force of kinetic friction. It is always a number between zero and one.　　Coefficient of linear expansion　　A coefficient that tells how much a material will expand or contract lengthwise when it is heated or cooled.　　Coefficient of static friction　　The coefficient of static friction, for two materials is the constant of proportionality betwee