第十四章 文件处理.ppt

14.1 Introduction Storage of data Arrays, variables are temporary Files are permanent Magnetic disk, optical disk, tapes 14.1 Introduction In this chapter Create, update, process files Sequential and random access Formatted and raw processing 14.2 The Data Hierarchy From smallest to largest Bit (binary digit) 1 or 0 Everything in computer ultimately represented as bits 14.2 The Data Hierarchy From smallest to largest Bit (binary digit) Cumbersome(麻烦的，笨重的) for humans to use Character set Digits, letters, symbols used to represent data Every character represented by 1s and 0s 14.2 The Data Hierarchy From smallest to largest Byte: 8 bits Can store a character (char) Also Unicode for large character sets (wchar_t) 14.2 The Data Hierarchy From smallest to largest (continued) Field: group of characters with some meaning Your name 14.2 The Data Hierarchy From smallest to largest (continued) Record: group of related fields struct or class in C++ In payroll system, could be name, SS#, address, wage Each field associated with same employee Record key: field used to uniquely identify record 14.2 The Data Hierarchy From smallest to largest (continued) File: group of related records Payroll for entire company Sequential file: records stored by key Database: group of related files Payroll, accounts-receivable, inventory… 14.2 The Data Hierarchy 14.3 Files and Streams C++ views file as sequence of bytes Ends with end-of-file marker 14.3 Files and Streams When file opened Object created, stream associated with it cin, cout, etc. created when iostream included Communication between program and file/device 14.3 Files and Streams To perform file processing Include iostream and fstream Class templates basic_ifstream (input) basic_ofstream (output) basic_fstream (I/O) 14.3 Files and Streams To perform file processing typedefs for specializations that allow char I/O ifstream (char input) ofstream (char output) fstream (char I/O) 14.3 Files and Streams Opening files Create objects from te