高中英语语法讲解与测试-语法讲解_现在完成时的被动语态.docVIP

现在完成时的被动语态 语法点拨 概念引入 Over time I have been changed quite a lot Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations. 语法讲解 【高清课堂B2U2语法：被动语态】 Ⅰ被动语态的概念 1. 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 2. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 例如：Many people speak Chinese. 3. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受着。 例如：上句可变为 _Chinese is spoken by many people. 为什么要用被动语态？ 当关注的是事情本身而不是动作的执行者，或者根本不知道动作的执行者时。如: The meeting was put off. My car has been moved.　　　 动作的执行者很明确时或强调承受者时。 The ceremony was reported in the news last night. If you break the school rules, you will be punished. 当动作的执行者是“people”或 “one” 时。 He is believed to have invented the computer. Advertisements are seen everywhere. II. 被动语态的各种时态 1.一般现在时： 2. 一般过去时： 3. 一般将来时： 4. 现在进行时： 5. 过去进行时： 6. 现在完成时： 7. 过去完成时： 8. 过去将来时： 边讲边练：翻译句子 1. 全世界越来越多的人讲汉语。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 2. 1949年中华人民共和国成立。 People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 3.明天将对这个问题进行讨论。 The problem will be discussed tomorrow. 4. 纸张一直被认为是中国最重要的发明之一。 Paper has been considered as one of the most important inventions in China. 5.我的自行车正在修理。 My bike is being repaired. 6.我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。 The book had been borrowed when I got to the library. 主动变被动一般规律 All the people laughed at him. 所有人都嘲笑他。 →He was laughed at by all the people. 他被所有人嘲笑 They make the bikes in the factory. 他们在工厂生产自行车。 →The bikes are made by them in the factory. 这些自行车被他们在工厂生产。 They sold out the tickets. 他们卖完了票。 →The tickets were sold out. 票被卖光了。 规则： 1. 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 2. 把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词） 3. 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后做宾语，将主格改为宾格。 现在完成时的被动语态 1.两种时态 1) 现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词) 现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用, 如: yesterday, two weeks ago, in 1978, when I got there 等, 现在完成时常与 already, always, often, ever, never, yet, not...yet, just等不表示明确的时间副词连用, 还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since, for 的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如: now, today, this month,