从句类型 定语从句.pptVIP

从句类型——定语从句 定语从句 在复合句中起定语作用的从句叫定语从句。它的作用是限制、描绘或说明、补充主句中的某一单词、短语、另一从句或整个主句。 Ⅰ.限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句 定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。两者之间有以下几个方面的区别。 1.一般情况下，限定性定语从句紧接先行项，中间没有逗号，口语中没有停顿。而非限定性定语从句则有逗号隔开，口语中有停顿。这是限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句表面结构上的区别。 Examples: A man who doesn’t learn from others can’t hope to achieve much. This book was written by Xu Wu, who wrote many books and articles on the subject. 2.限定性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果将它省略，主句意思将不完整。而非限定性定语从句的修饰作用减弱，而主要对主句中某个词、词组或整句进一步补足说明，如果省略该从句，也不致影响主句的完整性。 Examples: The microorganisms which cause disease are pathogenic. The microorganisms causing disease are pathogenic, which means disease-producing. 3. 同一个句子带有限定性定语从句或非限定性定语从句在意义上有细微区别。 Examples: I have two sisters who are still at school. I have two sisters, who are still at school. 4. 限制性定语从句所修饰的词也就是先行词通常为名词或代词，但不包括专有名词；非限制性定语从句所修饰的可以是名词（包括专有名词）、短语、另一从句或整个句子。 Examples: Is that the woman who wants to buy your car? I’ve just met that Mrs.Smith-Perkis, who wants to buy your car. She said that her son would become an artist, which I thought possible. Tom is very active in sports, which his sister rarely is. He wore his swimming things in the office, which shocked his boss a great deal. 5. 限制性定语从句的主要作用是修饰其先行词；而非限定性定语从句除了可以起修饰作用外，它还可以起延续叙述作用和明确，注释作用。 Examples: The human body is composed of many organs, each of which has a special job to do. The process is called phagocytosis, by which is meant the ability to destroy the invading bacteria by engulfing them. 6. 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的另一区另在于前者的关系代词有时可以省略，而后者的关系代词无论作从句的主语还是宾语都不能省略。 Examples: The speech which had been given by him was a great success. The speech which he made was a great success. The Victoria Line, which was opened in 1969, was London’s first complete new tube for 60 years. The Victoria Line, which the Queen opened in 1969, was London’s first complete new tube for 60 years. Ⅱ.关系词的运用与选择 连接和引导定语从句的关系词有：which, who, that, whom, whose, when, where, why, how. 还有可以当作关系代词使用的准关系代词 as, but, than.. 1.常规关系词的使用与选择 先行词是人时，关系代词用 who 表示主格，whose 表示所有格，whom表示受格。先行