汉语无主句的翻译(讲义).docVIP

1．13无主句的翻译(P46-50) 汉语里有众多的无主句，而英语里通常都用完整的句子。翻译这类句子时，要根据不同的情况，有时要添加主语，有时要变换句型和句式。 译成被动句 译成原宾语做主语的被动句 --- “by”引出做某事的人或东西，或介绍做某事的方法。 ---“By” introduces what (or how) something is done by or method by which something is done． ---为了确保乘客的人身安全，必须检查乘客随身携带的每一件行李。 ---Each piece of luggage carried by the passengers must be examined to make sure of their safety. (2) 译成“It +动词被动语态+（状语）+连接代词/连接副词+to do”或 “It +动词被动语态+连接代词/连接副词引导的名词性从句” ---是否在这里修建水坝还没有决定。 ---It is not yet decided whether to build the dam here. ---下次会议将讨论我们是否接受他的报价。 ---It will be discussed at the next meeting whether we should accept his offer or not. ---尚未决定何时交货。 ---It’s not been settled yet when the goods should be delivered. 译成”There + 动词被动语态+主语+（状语）” 译成引导词There后面使用及物动词被动语态，再接主语这样一种特殊形式。 ---在离岸不远的地方可以找到那条船的一些线索。 ---There can be found some remains of the wrecked ship near the shore. ---世界上已经建造了一些了不起的机器来从受控核聚变中发电。 ---There have been built in the world some remarkable machines to produce electricity from controlled thermonuclear fusion. 译成SP2句型[主语+不及物动词+（状语）] 引导词There+be/v.i/相当于v.i.的短语动词+S”这类SP2句型常用来翻译汉语无主句。 ---没有绝对完善的导体。 ---There are not any perfect conductors. ---有两类计算机，即数字式和模拟式。 ---There are two kinds of computers---digital and analog. ---明天肯定要举行开幕式。 ---There’s sure to be an opening ceremony tomorrow. ---每个气象站都设置了记录日照小时、风速和风向的专门仪器。 ---There stand special devices to record hours of sunshine, wind velocity and wind direction at each weather station. ---在电子技术领域里出现了一些新的想法。 ---There emerged some new ideas in the field of electronic technology. ---他们之间逐渐形成了同志友谊。 ---There grew up a feeling of comrade-ship between them. 译成由it担任形式主语的SP1句或SP2句 ---可以预先知道零件在什么时候会因疲劳而损坏吗？ ---Is it possible to know ahead of time when a part will fail because of fatigue? ---这是因为，用小数代替分数时，容易进行各种运算。 ---This is because it is easier to perform the various mathematical operations if decimals are used instead of fractions. ---接受器官移植的病人免疫系统受到抑制后能会感染其他疾病. ---不言而喻，各国的经济发展要受到资源和环境的制约。 ---It goes without saying that the economic development of everycount