供排水工艺--化水（Water supply and drainage - water）.doc

供排水工艺--化水（Water supply and drainage - water） Chemical water treatment 1. MF: microfiltration, the filtration pore diameter is approximately 0.02 micron to 1 micron range. 2. UF: ultrafiltration, the filter aperture is in the range of 0.002 micron to 0.1 micron. 3. NF: nanofiltration, which is between UF and RO, mainly removes solute particles with a diameter of about 1nm, and the intercepting molecular weight is about 200, which is an ultra-low pressure reverse osmosis membrane. 4. RO: reverse osmosis, which can remove the deep solution of water, and the desalination rate is above 97%. 5, concentration polarization: in the process of reverse osmosis, the water molecules through the later, salt content in the membrane interface increases, the formation of high thick layer, the layer with great concentration gradient of the concentration of the feed water flow, this phenomenon is called the concentration polarization of membrane. What is infiltration and reverse osmosis? A: osmosis is a natural process when the fluid is crossing the membrane barrier. If will be a case of pure water with a piece of a semipermeable membrane vertically divided into two parts, both sides of the pure water and ideal semi-permeable membrane contact at the same temperature and pressure, under such circumstances there is no flow of water across a semipermeable membrane, because in the chemical potential fully equal on both sides of the membrane. If you add dissolved salt on one side, the chemical potential on the side of the salt solution decreases. The pure water penetrates to the side of the salt solution, creating an osmotic flow until the chemical potential drops. The pure water penetrates to the side of the salt solution to produce an osmotic flow until the equilibrium of the chemical potential is reestablished. Reverse osmosis is when a new equilibrium is reached, an additional pressure on the side of the salt solution is equal to the osmotic pressure, and the original balance will be a