地信第二章（The second chapter）.docVIP

地信第二章（The second chapter） The second chapter 1. Geographical scope: up to the atmospheric ionosphere, down to mantle moho. 2. Earth space model: the natural surface of the earth; Uneven and irregular; The solid earth surface, including the bottom of the ocean and the high mountain plateau. 3, geoid: when the water in the static balance in full, extend from sea level to the lower part of all the continents, and everywhere in the orthogonal direction with gravity geoid of a continuous, closed; Still undulating. Ball ellipsoid model: earth ellipsoid model established based on geoid level; Flattening of alpha = / b (a - b). Mean ellipsoid - the global datum Reference ellipsoid - local datum in local area 1954 Beijing coordinate system - krassovsky ellipsoid The xi an coordinate system 5. Geographical coordinates: the location of geographical objects with longitude and latitude on a sphere; The poles (north and south) are poles. 6. Geographic pole: earth axis (rotation axis of earth ellipsoid) and the internode of ellipsoid; 7. The plane containing the earth axis is called meridian plane; The intersecting line of the ellipsoid of the earth, called the meridian; The plane of the vertical axis and the intersecting line of the ellipsoid are the weft. 10. Geocentric coordinate system - mean ellipsoid 11. Earths core radius -- the connection between the observation point and the center of the earth The longitude of the earths core -- the meridional surface of the meridian and the dihedral Angle of the meridian that passes through the British Greenwich observatory 13. The earths core latitude -- the earths core radius and the equator Angle 14. Geodetic coordinates -- refer to the two sides of the meridional plane of the earth meridian at the beginning of the earth meridian The perpendicular line of a point on the ellipsoid, the normal line of the point, reference ellipsoid except the two levels and the equator, the normal line does not pass reference ellipsoid. The intersecti