名校内科学27.pptVIP

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  • 2017-07-15 发布于河南
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支 气 管 哮 喘 (Asthma ) A chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways Characterized by 1、episodic airway narrowing 2、 increased reactivity 3、 pharmacologic and spontanoud reversibility The classic triad of symptoms: 1、Episodic expiratory dyspnea 2、persistent wheeze 3、Chronic cough Other associated symptoms: 1、chest pain or tightness 2、sputum production 不可逆性狭窄 气道重塑 全球哮喘防治创议(GINA) Global Initiative for Asthma 流行病学(Epidemiology) Incidence:1-13% 1—4% in China 5—10% in USA 病因和发病机制 (Aetiology and Pathogenesis) NOT VERY CLEAR Genetic factors : Environmental factors: 哮喘发病机制示意图 Precipitating factors Pathogenesis 1、免疫学机制(Immuno- reaction) 2、气道炎症(Airway inflammation) 3、气道高反应(AHR:airway high reaction) 4、神经机制(Nerve machanism) Pathology 临床表现(Clinical features) Symptoms: Signs: wheezing sound prolonged expiratory sound tachycardia paradoxical pulsse cyanosis note---silent chest 实验室和其他检查(Investigations) 1、肺功(Lung function): (1)通气功能: 阻塞性通气功能障碍 decraed FEV1,FEV1/FVC% MMER, decreased PEF increased RV (2)激发试验 (bronchial provocation test) 目的:测定气道反应性 适应症: FEV170% 定性判断: FEV1下降20% 定量判断:PD20-FEV1, PC20-FEV1 (3)舒张试验 (bronchial dilation test) 目的:测定气流受限的 可逆 性 阳性:FEV1增加15%, 且绝对值增加200ml (4)PEF及变异率 目的:判断气道通气功能 变化 日变异率 20% 2、动脉血气分析 (Gas blood analysis) PH A-aDO2 PaO2 PaCO2 A-aDO2 (1)resp.alkalosis: decresed PaO2,PaCO2,PH rised (2)resp.acidosis : decresed PaO2,rised PaCO2 (3)metablic acidosis: 3、胸部X线检查(Chest X-ray) 4、痰液检查 5、特异性变应原检查: 体外 体内 皮肤 吸入 诊 断 Diagnosis Standard 1. Symptoms 2. Signs 3. Pharmacologic and spontanoud reversibility other disease 4. Atypical asthma: special tests 分期

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