DTM课数字地形件.ppt

Digital Terrain Modelling Chapter 2 Terrain Descriptors and Sampling Strategies Wu Hao Contents 2.1 General (qualitative) terrain descriptors 2.2 Numeric terrain descriptors 2.3 Terrain roughness vector: Slope, relief and wavelength 2.4 Theoretical basis for surface sampling 2.5 Sampling strategy for data acquisition 2.6 Attributes of sampled source data 2.1 General (qualitative) terrain descriptors In general, two basic types of descriptors may be distinguished as follows qualitative descriptors: expressed in general terms, so that they are referred to as general descriptors quantitative descriptors: specified by numeric descriptors Different groups of people are concerned with different attributes of the terrain surface. Therefore, a variety of general descriptors can be found based on these different interests Only those indicate the roughness and the coverage of terrain surface are more important in the context of terrain surface modeling Descriptors based on the origin of landforms: Two of such forms have been distinguished, each of which has its own special characteristics endogenetic forms: formed by internal forces (earthquake, folding movement, magmatic activity), including volcanic forms exogenetic forms: formed by external forces (weathering, denudation, deposition), including karst forms Volcanic landforms Descriptors based on physiography generalized regions according to the structure and characteristics of its landforms, each of which is kept as homogeneous as possible and has dominant characteristics high mountains high plateau mountains low mountains hills plateau, etc. Can only be used for general planning but not for project design To design a particular project, more precise numeric descriptors are essential to determine the sampling strategy and intervals for data acquisition as well as to assess the cost and efficiency 2.2 Numeric terrain descriptors The complexity of a terrain surface may be described by the concepts of roug