高一(母老师)代课内容：动词不定式和分词.docVIP

动词不定式和分词 动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，在句中不能单独做谓语。动词不定式具有动词的性质，它可以有自己的宾语和状语，从而构成动词不定式短语。它还可以有时态和语态的变化即一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式；主动语态和被动语态。同时，动词不定式也具有非动词的性质，相当于一个名词、形容词或副词，可以在句中充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语等。 不定式的时态和语态 主动式 被动式 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 无 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing 无1、一般式 不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主句谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。 To catch the train, we’d better hurry to the station by taxi. We often hear Dick play the piano in the next room. 2、进行式 不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。 The teacher happened to be correcting our papers when I came in. They seemed to be discussing something important. 3、完成式 不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前。 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. We are too young to have seen the old society. 4、完成进行式 不定式的完成进行式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生并且一直进行着。 I’m sorry to have been interrupting you. He is said to have been living in London for twenty years. 5、被动形式 当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式根据其与谓语动作发生的先后关系，有一般式和完成式两种。 It’s a great honour to be invited to Mary’s birthday party. The example appeared to have been mentioned for many times. 6、否定形式 不定式的否定形式由not或never加不定式构成。 We ask him not to be a volunteer. Never to have made any mistakes is impossible. （二）不定式的用法 动词不定式除了不能单独作谓语外，几乎能充当句子中所有的句子成分。1、作主语 当动词不定式作主语时，其谓语动词常用单数。 To say something is one thing; to do is another. To concern the disabled is our duty. 当动词不定式在句中作主语时，通常使用it作形式主语放于句首而真正主语则放在最后，以使句子保持平衡。 It is not easy to master a foreign language. 2、作表语 His task is to teach the workers how to use the machine. His temperature seems to be all right. 3、作宾语 及物动词ask, agree, beg, care, choose, decide, expect, force, fail, hesitate, claim, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等要求动词不定式作宾语。 We managed to get to the airport in time. 4、作宾语补足语 Would you like me to help you? I advise you not to eat fruit that isn’t ri