北京市职中2013对口考试英语定语从句专题训练（含答案）.docVIP

北京市职中2013对口考试英语定语从句专题训练（含答案） 在英语中，修饰名词或代词的成分被称为定语，根据定语出现在名词或代词前后的位置可以将其分为前置定语和后置定语。如在a developing country和a girl in red中，developing和in red分别是前置定语和后置定语。一般而言，前置定语经常由单个词充当，而后置定语则由短语或句子充当，当一个句子充当定语修饰前面的名词或代词时，就被称为定语从句。 【观察与翻译】 观察下列例句划线部分的语法成分及组成规律，并试着翻译句子。 1. The boy who is reading a book over there is my friend. 译为：_____________________________1. 2. All that glitters is not gold. 译为：_____________________________2. 上述两个例句中划线部分均为定语从句，分别修饰前面的名词the boy和代词all，这两个词被称为先行词。 定语从句中有两个关键概念：先行词和关系词（关系代词或关系副词）。在上面两个例句中引导定语从句的who和that属于关系代词，本单元我们先来学习关系代、副词引导的定语从句。 1. 关系代词/副词 关系代词/副词 在从句中的成分 所指代的先行词 例 句 who /whom 主语/宾语（可省） 指人 He who laughs last laughs best. This is the boy (whom /who) you saw yesterday. which 主语/宾语（可省） 指物/事 A thing which was bitter to endure may be sweet to remember. that 主语/宾语（可省） 指物/事 The panda that is chosen Dragon Warrior is big and fat. 指人 They that know nothing fear nothing. whose 定语（某…的） 指人 Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 指物/事 The book whose cover is blue is mine. when 时间状语 时间 I’ll never forget the day when the earthquake happened. where 地点状语 地点 This is the place where we first met. why 原因状语 原因 The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus. 2．只用that不用which的情况 当先行词是 1）不定代词all, everything, anything, nothing, something, much, little, few, none, the one等时 e.g. You can take any seat that is free. We should do all that is useful to the people. 2）被the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时； e.g. It is the only thing that we can do. 3）是或被序数词the first /second /third…所修饰时； e.g. This is the first place that I want to visit. 4）被形容词最高级所修饰时； e.g. This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 5）同时指人和事/物时； e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in. 6）主句以there be 开头时 e.g. There is the matter that I can do.3．只用which不用that的情况 1）介词后 2）逗号后，即非限定性定语从句中 3）句中已经有that的时候 e.g. That which is evil is soon learnt. 学坏容易。 4．whose = the +名词+ of + w