第1课 力基本概念.pptVIP

Lesson 1 Basic Concepts in Mechanics ; The branch of scientific analysis which deals with motions, time, and forces is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics. Statics deals with the analysis of stationary systems, i. e., those in which time is not a factor, and dynamics deals with systems which change with time. Forces are transmitted into machine members through mating surfaces, e. g., from a gear to a shaft or from one gear through meshing teeth to another gear, from a V belt to a pulley, or from a cam to a follower. ;deal with 涉及，论及，与……打交道 1. The physical and chemical properties of the stainless steel are dealt with in this article. 本文论及了不锈钢材料的物理化学性质。 be made up of 由……组成 / 构成 (整体由部分组成) 1. Cast-iron is made up of about six different substances. 铸铁大约由六种不同的物质组成。 be composed of / consist of 1.The machine is composed of several different parts. 这台机器由几种不同的部件组成。 ;constitute 构成，组成 （部分组成整体） 1. Ferrite and carbon constitute the mild steel. 铁素体和碳组成低碳钢。 be transmitted into / to…through把…通过…传递给… 1. The piston movement is transmitted into / to the wheels through a crankshaft. 活塞的运动通过曲轴传递给轮子。; It is necessary to know the magnitudes of these forces for a variety of reasons. The distribution of the forces at the boundaries or mating surfaces must be reasonable, and their intensities must be within the working limits of the materials composing the surfaces. For example, if the force operating on a journal bearing becomes too high, it will squeeze out the oil film and cause metal-to-metal contact, overheating, and rapid failure of the bearing. If the forces between gear teeth are too large, the oil film may be squeezed out from between them. This could result in flaking and spalling of the metal, noise, rough motion, and eventual failure. ;distribute 分布，分配，供给 1. The heat is distributed evenly throughout the material. 热量在整个材料内部均匀分布。