宋代城市公园形成分析.pdf

2013年第5期 / 西部人居环境学刊 / 011 宋代城市公园的形成分析* An Analysis on Developments of Urban Parks in Song Dynasty 毛华松 伍 夏 MAO Huasong, WU Xia 摘 要 公园的产生与发展同时代的政 Abstract: Parks reflect the close relationship between the political system, economic 治制度、经济发展和市民生活紧密相关， development and citizens’ life. The studies on the origin of parks play a landmark role 研究公园的起源，对于划分城市文明演变 in dividing the stages of urban civilization development. For the existing conclusion 的阶段有着一定的标志性作用。本文对 that parks came from the cities of late Qing Dynasty, this paper argues that it isn’t 认为我国公园形成于清末民初近代城市 accurate. Due to the popularization of having fun with the citizens, the transformation 的已有结论提出质疑，并论证在宋代由于 of commercial and recreational city and the rise of citizen culture, the parks in the open “与民同乐”的政治理念、商业娱乐型的 streets have been gradually formed. Combined with the existing research and historical 城市转型、市民文化的崛起，已在开放式 literature retrieval, based on the parks and the classification of public gardens and the 街巷城市中形成了城市公园。并通过已有 parks’ concepts and elements, this article summarizes three core elements of the Song 研究和历史文献检索，基于公园与公共园 Dynasty parks, including orientation of public investment, urban public space and 林的分类依据、公园的概念与要素，归纳 artificial landscape scale. 了宋代城市公园形成所需的“与民同乐” Keywords: Urban Civilization; Parks; Gardens in Song Dynasty; Having Fun With the 的文化基础、城市文明演变的物质基础以 Citizens 及包括湖山风景区、城市园圃的体系化园 林建设等重要要素保障。 关键词 城市文明；公园；宋代园林；与 [1] “公园”一词最早出现在公元5世纪左右的南北朝 ，且延至宋代“公园”曾特指 民同乐 ① 向民众开放的郡圃 。在中国园林史的已有研究中，学者们大多认可城