aldehydes 醛ketones酮.ppt

* Ch.34 – Carbonyl compounds Ch.34 – 羰基化合物 A.?? Introduction引言 ● Carbonyl group has the following structure: 羰基團含下列結構 ● This group may be found in a variety of types of compounds: 多種不同的化合物均含此基團 Alkanals (aldehydes) 烷醛 Alkanones (ketones) 烷酮 Alkanoic acids (carboxylic acids) 烷酸（羧酸） Acyl halides 酰鹵 Acid anhydrides 酸酐 Amides 酰胺 l Carbonyl compounds refer to ___________________ and ____________. 羰基化合物指_____及______。 l Note that saturated aliphatic aldehydes and ketones do possesses the same general formula of __________________. 注意飽和的脂肪醛及酮的通式均為___________。 aldehydes ketones ? ? ? CnH2nO 醛 酮 CnH2nO l Naming:命名﹕ Aldehydes醛 : (Alkanal) ? ? ? methanal甲醛 ethanal乙醛 propanal丙醛 benzaldehydes苯醛 phenylethanal苯乙醛 Ketones酮﹕ (Alkanone) Propanone 丙酮 Butanone 丁酮 Pentan-3-one 戊-3-酮 Phenylethanone 苯乙酮 l Simple aldehydes and ketones are ____________ at room temperature. Since the functional group C＝O are polar, carbonyl compounds have ________ boiling points than alkanes; however, their boiling points are __________ than alcohols because they do not have hydrogen bonds. liquids higher lower l細小的醛及酮在室温為_________。因著其極性 C＝O 容能基，其沸點________烷烴；然而其沸點低於醇因其没有_______。 液體 高於 氫鍵 lCarbonyl compounds with short hydrocarbon chains are ___________ with water because they can form ______________ bonds with water: miscible hydrogen δ+ δ- δ+ δ- 短碳鏈的羰基化合物與水________因可與水生成_________。 互溶 氫鍵 Ex.: In each pair of compounds below, select the one you expect to have  the higher boiling point: 以下各對中，何者沸點較高？ B.?? Preparation of carbonyl compounds羰基化合物的製備 1. Oxidation of alcohols 醇的氧化 H+ / K2Cr2O7 Heat熱 H+ / K2Cr2O7 heat熱 1. O3 2. Zn, H2O C.?? Reactivity of carbonyl compounds 羰基化合物的活潑性 l? Since the carbonyl group are highly polarized, the carbonyl carbon is susceptible to