离子液体毒性、生物降解性及绿色离子液体的设计与合成toxicity .pdf

2009 年第 29 卷 有 机 化 学 Vol. 29, 2009 第 5 期, 672～680 Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry No. 5, 672～680 ·综述与进展· 离子液体毒性、生物降解性及绿色离子液体的设计与合成 陈志刚*,a 宗敏华 b 顾振新 a (a 南京农业大学食品科技学院 南京 210095) (b 华南理工大学应用生物催化研究室 广州 510640) 摘要 离子液体作为溶剂或催化剂在化学反应、分离过程、电化学及其它领域中已有广泛的应用. 离子液体一直被认 为是一种环境友好的“绿色溶剂”, 最近几年其潜在的毒性、生物降解性及绿色离子液体的设计与合成才引起人们的 重视. 综述了近年来该领域的研究进展. 关键词 离子液体; 毒性; 生物降解性; 绿色设计与合成 Toxicity, Biodegradability and Design and Synthesis of Green Ionic Liquids Chen, Zhigang*,a Zong, Minhuab Gu, Zhenxina a ( College of Food Science Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095) (b Laboratory of Applied Biocatalysis, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640) Abstract Ionic liquids as either solvents or catalysts are widely used in chemical reactions, separation processes, electro-chemistry and other fields. They were regarded as environmentally benign “green sol- vents” and the potential toxicity, biodegradability and the design and synthesis of green ionic liquids have been neglected until recently. The advances achieved in these areas in recent years are reviewed in this pa- per. Keywords ionic liquid; toxicity; biodegradability; green design and synthesis 近十年来, 有关离子液体的研究引人注目[1～4] . 离 剂其自身的绿色性问题, 离子液体在合成、纯化、回收 子液体是由有机阳离子和无机或有机阴离子构成的低 及应用方面存在一些缺陷[6]: (1)合成离子液体的主要原 熔点盐 , 在室温或较低温(＜100 ℃), 下呈液态