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3基因表达的调控(Regulation of gene expression)
3基因表达的调控(Regulation of gene expression)
Chapter iii regulation of gene expression
Gene expression: the genetic information transfer process of DNA, mRNA, protein
Regulation of gene expression
The activation of the first gene
The activation of the gene switch - chromatin
The structure of the active chromatin
Interphase karyochromatin:
Heterochromatin, highly compressed (not transcribed);
Euchromatin, relatively loose,
About 10% of chromatin is active chromatin (more open and porous).
The active chromatin is the non-reactive chromatin
The structure characteristics of reactive chromatin
(1) sensitivity of DNaseI
The chromatin of transcription activity (or potentially transcriptional activity) is more sensitive to DNase I.
DNase I HyperSensitive Sites (DHSS)
(2) CyS110 of histone H3 was exposed to sulfhydryl.
The formation of reactive chromatin structure
(a), nuclear small position (Phased positioning)
The rotational positioning of the nucleosomes
The correlation between the core and the DNA double helix in the spatial structure of the nucleosomes, including the large groove of the DNA double helix is the orientation or the back to the core structure.
2. Translational positioning of nucleosomes
The location and manner of the binding of nucleosomes and specific DNA sequences, especially the DNA regulatory elements (promoters, enhancers, etc.) associated with transcriptional activity, and the interpositional relations of the nucleosomes.
(2) group protein modification
H1 protein phosphorylation
Promoting chromosomal packaging, affecting transcription activity,
2. Modification of core group protein
Acetylation: Lys that often occur in histones,
The general active chromatin is highly acetylated.
(3) HMG protein binding
HMG (high mobility group) protein - high mobility protein, such as HMG14 / HMG17.
Combined with core particles of nucleosomes, beneficial transcription.
DNA methylation and gene expression.
(1) Methylation of eukaryotic genome DNA
In the mammalian genome, 5%
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