地理1 2地球上的大气和水（Geography 1 2 earths atmosphere and water）.docVIP

地理1 2地球上的大气和水（Geography 1 2 earths atmosphere and water） Chapter ii material movement and energy exchange in the natural environment 2.1 material composition and material circulation of the crust I. the composition and circulation of the earths crust (1) minerals that make up rocks Elements: more or less oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, etc To combine into a single substance or compound Minerals: the most basic unit of rock, the main rock forming minerals include quartz, mica, feldspar, calcite and so on Accumulation of magmatic rocks: there are two forms of intrusive and extrusive rock, typical intrusive rocks: granite; Extrusive rock: basalt Rock sedimentary rock: a layered structure, often containing fossils, including (limestone, shale, sandstone, conglomerate, etc.) Metamorphic rocks: rocks formed by metamorphism, such as marble, quartzite, SLATE (2) From the magma to the formation of various rocks, and to the creation of new magma, this process is the crustal material cycle. Pay attention to the name of the action of the rock conversion process. The energy that drives the earths material cycle: the heat energy produced by the decay of radioactive material inside the earth. The circulation of the earths crust 2.2 earth surface morphology 1. Geological effects: according to different energy sources, internal forces (earth internal energy) and external forces (mainly solar energy) Internal force: crustal movement, magmatic activity, metamorphism, earthquake, etc External forces: weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition and consolidation, debris flow, landslide and landslide are also external forces. Two: internal forces and surface morphology The basic thesis of plate tectonics: (1) the global lithosphere is not monolithic, but can be divided into six basic sections (name and distribution). (2) the plate is in constant motion, the plate is more stable, the crust is active in the boundary of the plate, and many volcano