第2章 自然环境中的物质运动和能量交换（Chapter 2 physical movement and energy exchange in the natural environment）.docVIP

第2章 自然环境中的物质运动和能量交换（Chapter 2 physical movement and energy exchange in the natural environment） Chapter ii material movement and energy exchange in the natural environment The material composition and the material circulation of the crust in the first section Textbooks title The point reading The basic content The composition of the earths crust 1, the mineral (1) concept A mineral is a simple substance or compound that has definite chemical composition, physical properties (2) the mineral Minerals are called minerals when they are rich in nature and are valuable in mining The basic of minerals form There are three kinds: gas, liquid and solid. Quartz (SiO2) is the most mineral in nature. Classification of minerals Metallic ore, common hematite, magnetite and so on. Non-metallic minerals, common quartz, feldspar, mica, calcite, etc. Among them, energy mineral and gem mineral is the most important. 2, rock (1) concept The rock is a large solid mineral aggregate in the lithosphere (crust), consisting of one or more minerals. (2) classification Magmatic rocks: magma condenses into an intrusive rock, such as granite; Extrusive rock, such as rhyolite, anshan, basalt. Sedimentary rock: the rock exposed on the surface is formed by weathering, erosion, transport, deposition and consolidation. Such as conglomerate, shale, limestone, sandstone. Sedimentary rocks have two outstanding characteristics: stratified structure and fossils. Metamorphic rock: because of the conditions of the rock, such as temperature and pressure, the changes of the original structure and mineralogy of rock are formed. As granite to gneiss, limestone, marble, sandstone, stone, shale and SLATE The material circulation of the earths crust 1, geological cycle 1) iyashi It refers to the mass circulation between the lithosphere and the soft flow layer below. Energy source The energy that drives the geological cycle comes mainly from the heat generated by radioactive decay in the earths interior. influence