cture 5分析材料与谋篇.pptVIP

另一种概要特称为梗概(précis),它和一般性概要summary的共同特点是，两者都是用自己的话对原文的要点进行归纳和概括；其不同点在于，前者较为笼统，后者更为紧缩，且注重忠于原文，即在思想、观点的叙述顺序、文字的语体风格和文章的基调等方面要与原文保持一致，必要时可保留原文的特别用语（但要放在引号中）。例如： * Rice, P 467 Three-step marriage Michael Scriven suggests three possible marriage levels— preliminary, a legitimized cohabitation; personal, like Mead’s individual marriage; and parental, entered into only after success with the previous levels. * 该概要归纳并概括了F.Philip Rice在The Adolescent一书中曾引用的Scriven 的如下观点： Philosophy professor Michael Scriven has elaborated on Margaret Mead’s two-step plan. He proposes three types of marriage: 1) Preliminary marriage, which would be legitimized cohabitation, entered into contractually for one year without the need for subsequent commitment,2) personally marriage, similar to Margaret Mead’s idea of individual marriage, and 3) parental marriage, the last step to be taken, but only after successful personal marriage. * 阐释型 paraphrase 阐释是以自己的词语重述原文的内容，阐释者对原文的审视角度稍有差异，但所改写的内容和基调必须与原文相同。与概要型相比，阐释并非着重于紧缩，因而长度与原文是大致相同的。做好阐释的关键是对原谅的正确理解和阐释词的选择（如refer to, suggest等）。如，Jessie Bernard 在他所写的The Future of Marriage 一书中有如下一段文字： * “Renewable marriages” they have been called. A five-year commitment, or a ten-year commitment, or three-year commitment would be made. The partners would promise to maintain the marriage at least for this limited period of time. If at the end of that period they felt that the relationship was not a good one, they could renege. Alternatively, if they felt that it was a good one, they could recommit themselves to it. * 据此，可以做出这样一张阐释卡片： Bernard, P106 Renewable marriage Jessie Bernard refers to three, five, or ten year commitments by which the couple makes an agreement to “maintain the marriage” for a set number of years with the stipulation（契约）that each person could renege（违约） at the end of the time period or recomm