笔记见教材上朱的讲义.pptVIP

Chapter 2 Connection of Lexicology with Other Branches of Linguistics * * 1. With Phonetics: Phonetics is the study of speech sounds. Without sound, there is no word because every word is a unity of sound and meaning. 超音位特征对语义搭配的影响在英语中是司空见惯的。例如： He is a French teacher. 孤立地来看French teacher，我们很难判别French在与teacher搭配时是什么意思。 但是在特定超音位的语境中，当我们赋予French一个主重音，Teacher一个次重音，这时，He is a French teacher就有了明确的意义，即：他是一位法语教师。 A ˊFrench ,teacher teaches French. 如果我们赋予French一个次重音，teacher一个主重音，这时He is a French teacher中的French表示法国国籍： A ,French ˊteacher is French. Aˋtoy ,factory produces toys. A ,toy ˋfactory is a model of a factory used as a toy. my ˊold ,friend (old: long known or long familiar) 不可以转换成 : *My friend is old. my ˊnew ,friend 不可以转换成 : *My friend is new. a ˊpure ,scientist 不可以转换成 : * The scientist is pure. 纯理论 不注重实践 超切分特征传达了说话人的态度，即使是一个词，当被赋予不同的语调时，也会折射出说话人不同的态度： ˋNo ( a matter-of-fact statement) ˊNo (questioning) ˇNo (doubtful but encouraging ) ?No (indignant; emphatic prohibition and scolding) 参教材 p9 2.With grammar: Vocabulary and grammar are organically related to one another. In learning a language, attention to grammar is as important as attention to vocabulary. Grammar tells us how to form words into sentences. The vocabulary of a language assumes tremendous importance when it comes under the control of grammar, which is concerned with the modification in form of words and the combination of words into sentences. A bit, a little A bit 和 a little只能用在表语位置上，若与表示“令人不快”意思的形容词连用，则含有“过分”的意思： The weather is a bit (too) hot. *The weather is a bit lovely. *a bit hot weather Find fault with: 有些成语可以进行某些转换，而不允许其他转换： He found fault with them. 这一短语可以进行被动转换： Fault was found with them. 但是，跟He sought help from them.不一样， “He found fault with them”中的名词是不可以变换为代名词的。以He sought help from them.为基础，我们可以转换出 “He didn’t seek it from me,和 “What did he seek from you