第2章 自然环境中的物质运动和能量交换（The second chapter is about the material movement and energy exchange in the natural environment）.docVIP

第2章 自然环境中的物质运动和能量交换（The second chapter is about the material movement and energy exchange in the natural environment） Chapter II Physical movement and Energy exchange in natural environment The composition of the crust and the circulation of matter in the first section Textbook title Key points of interpretation Basic content I. Composition of the crust 1. Mineral ① concept Mineral is a simple substance or compound with definite chemical composition and physical property. ② Minerals When useful minerals are enriched in nature and mined, they are called minerals. Basic of ③ Minerals Existence form There are three kinds: gaseous, liquid, solid. Quartz (SiO2) is the most mineral in nature. Classification of ④ Minerals Metal ore, common with hematite, magnetite and so on. Non-metallic minerals, common quartz, feldspar, mica, calcite, etc. Among them, energy-like minerals and gem minerals are the most important. 2. Rock ① concept Rocks are large solid-state mineral aggregates of the lithosphere (crust), consisting of one or more minerals. ② classification Magmatic Rock: Magma condensation, can be divided into intrusive rock, such as granite, spray rock, the stream of rock, andesite, basalt. Sedimentary rocks: The exposed rock is formed by weathering, erosion, handling, deposition and consolidation of rock. such as conglomerate, shale, limestone, sandstone. Sedimentary rocks have two prominent characteristics: the structure of bedding, fossils. Metamorphic rocks: Due to the conditions of rock, such as temperature, pressure and other changes, resulting in the original structure of the rock, mineral composition and other changes to form. such as granite → gneiss, limestone → marble, sandstone → quartz rock, shale → Slate II. The material circulation of the crust 1. Geology Cycle ① concept Refers to the large-scale material circulation between the lithosphere and the soft flow layer beneath it. ② Energy sources The energy that drives the geological cycle comes mainly from t