EN 在确定各疫区药品与疫苗的需求量后.docxVIP

introduction在确定各疫区药品和疫苗的总需求量后，我们需要一个有效的运输分配双重网络模型，及时地实现最优分配。整个运输网络可以分为医疗中心网络和以医疗中心为核心的临时发热门诊子网络。我们现在的任务是将药品从2个国际机场分运到各地区的医疗中心，再由医疗中心根据当地的用药需求动态分配到临时发热门诊，运输过程中综合考虑药品的送达率、疫苗的时效性、用药动态需求、运输成本等因素。After pinpointing the total amount of vaccines and other medicaments for each district, we need to build a network to ship and distribute these medicines optimally. The whole network is divided as a central network that comprises medical centers and subnetworks within each medical center. By doing so, the problem is transformed as first distributing medicines from 2 airports to central network’s each medical center and then allocating medicines in each subnetwork of each medical center.问题分析：从宏观上来看，疫苗、药品的来源可能有塞拉利昂本地医药公司生产，也有国际支援。考虑到该国本身医学研发水平、医药生产技术落后，我们有理由假设治疗埃博拉的疫苗和药品全部由国际支援，药品统一送到指定的枢纽。现在的问题是如何将现有的药品根据需求量选择最优方案送达各医疗中心。在疫情蔓延的情况下，我们需要将药品在最短时间内送达医疗中心，其次再考虑在相同时间的情况下优先选择低成本运输。那么问题则转化为一个简单的多目标线性规划问题，即在一个简单的应急运输网络中，从多种运输方案中选择最佳方案,使药品运输时间最短,并且运输费用最低。2个优化目标分层次实现优化，首先满足时间约束，其次满足成本约束。Problem Analysis:We assume that all medicines for Ebola are donated from international assistance and are first shipped tocertain locations. Our task is devising a distribution model that can optimally distribute these medicines to each medical center and meet their demand. Considering that the epidemic is spreading, we should try to minimize the shipment time. In addition, we need to reduce cost associated with such shipment. Therefore, the problem is effectively a multi-objective linear programming problem, i.e., building a scheme that can result in minimum time and cost. We thus take two steps to optimize the problem where the shipment time constraint and the cost constraint are considered sequentially.模型建立：设E={E1，E2，}为药品需求点的集合，Ej的资源需求量为ej，S={s;s;s;}药物供给点的集合，S处可供给的药品量为Sj，且;从Si到EJ的运输单位成本为Cij；从Si到Ej的最短时间为tij；从Si向Ej的物资运数量为Xij。设立两级优化指标 , 上层是效益性指标 , 采用“ 应急时间最短 ” 下层是耗费性指标 , 采用 “ 总成本最低 ” 。考虑药品的运送量对运送最短时间有一定影响，在此引入函数gij=xijtheta.其中theta为运送量对时间的影响因子。构造最短时间为上层目标函数y1=max{gt},最低运输成本为下层目标函数y2=heCX;由此，药品运输系统的双层规划模型为：B