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A Short History of American Literature - Tongji …(美国文学的历史很短,同济u2026)
A Short History of American Literature
Chapter 1.
The Period of Colonization and Revolution (the early 17th century to the end of
the 18th century)
1. Social background: The first permanent English settlement in North America was
established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1617; The War for Independence lasted for eight
years (17761783)
2. Literature: American Puritanism is one of the most enduring shaping influences in
American thought and literature; The representatives of the Enlightenment set
themselves the task of disseminating knowledge among the people and advocating
revolutionary ideas. They also actively participated in the War for Independence.
*the Puritans emphasize hard work, piety and sobriety; The earliest writings include
diaries, traveling books, journals, letters, sermons even government contracts.
*the earliest writerBenjamin Franklin and “Poor Richard’s Almanac” and
“Autobiography” which is the recording of his rising from a state of poverty and
obscurity to wealth and fame. Mottos in “Poor Richard’s Almanac”
Lost time is never found again.
A penny saved is a penny earned.
Fish and visitors stink in three days.
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
*other important figuresThomas Paine and “Common Sense,” “American Crisis;”
Thomas Jefferson and “The Declaration of Independence;” Philip Freneau and his
poems
Chapter II.
The Period of Romanticism (the first half of the 19th century)
1.Social background: Industrial Revolution; western expansion; immigrant’s
contribution; political ideal of equality and democracy; the influence of European
Romanticists
2. Literature: American Romanticism; New England Transcendentalism
*American Romanticismthe real beginning of American literature; the first American
Renaissance; emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature, a
liking for the picturesque, the exotic, the sen
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