Abstract Classes Interfaces - University of …抽象类和接口u2014u2014大学u2026.pptVIP

Abstract Classes Interfaces Definitions abstract methods = Methods that are declared, with no implementation abstract class = A class with abstract methods, not meant to be instantiated interface = A named collection of method definitions (without implementations) Examples Food is an abstract class. Can you make an instance of food? No, of course not. But you can make an instance of an apple or a steak or a peanut butter cup, which are types of food. Food is the abstract concept; it shouldn’t exist. Skills are interfaces. Can you make an instance of a student, an athlete or a chef? No, but you can make an instance of a person, and have that person take on all these skills. Deep down, it’s still a person, but this person can also do other things, like study, sprint and cook. Abstract Classes Interfaces Q: So what’s the difference between an interface and an abstract class? A: An interface cannot implement any methods, whereas an abstract class can A class can implement many interfaces but can have only one superclass (abstract or not) An interface is not part of the class hierarchy. Unrelated classes can implement the same interface Syntax: abstract class: public class Apple extends Food { … } interface: public class Person implements Student, Athlete, Chef { … } Abstract Classes Interfaces Q: Why are they useful? A: By leaving certain methods undefined, these methods can be implemented by several different classes, each in its own way. Example: Chess Playing Program an abstract class called ChessPlayer can have an abstract method makeMove(), extended differently by different subclasses. public abstract class ChessPlayer { variable declarations method declarations public void makeMove(); } an interface called ChessInterface can have a method called makeMove(), implemented differently by different classes. public interface ChessInterface { public void makeMove(); } Abstract Classes Interfaces Q: What about inheritance? A: Follow these si