白桦雌花发育、大孢子发生及胚胎发育的解剖学观察-中国医科大学学报.PDF

23 　 1 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2003 　1 Vol.23　No.1　　　　　　　　　　　BULLETIN OF BOTANICAL RESEARCH Jan., 　2003 、 1 1 2 1 姜 静 李同华 庄振东 杨传平 (1., 150040) (2. , 137803) 　　白桦雌花从开花到雌性器官的成熟需经历 1 个月左右的时间, 解剖学观察表明:四月下 越冬的雌蕊原基开始了活跃的分裂和分化, 子房和柱头开始生长。 四月末开花, 五月初授粉。 此后胚珠开始长大, 五月中 即分化形成珠被、珠心。珠被为单层珠被, 胚珠为厚珠心胚珠, 胚珠 倒生。五月中下 , 珠心内产生大孢子母细胞, 一周左右发育为成熟胚囊———七细胞八核胚囊, 五 月末完成双受精。白桦胚胎发育经过合子、原胚、球形胚、心形胚和鱼雷形胚等时期最后发育成 熟。胚乳发育与胚胎同步, 即受精的极核进行几次分裂后形成核型胚乳, 胚乳核不断增多, 在形成 心形胚后胚乳细胞形成细胞壁。 　白桦;雌花;胚胎发育 THE ANATOMIC OBSERVATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE FLOWER MEGASPOREGENSIS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMBRYO OF BE TULA P LA TYH YLLA 1 1 2 1 JIANG　Jing 　LI Tong-H a 　CHUANG Zhen-Dong 　YANG Ch an-Ping (1.Northeast Forestry University , Harbin 150040) (2.W chago Forestry B reay of Xingan Leag e, Inner Mongolia, W chango 137803) Abstract 　The development of female flow er of Betu la p la ty hy l la and the processes of mat rity of fe- male organ sho ld be ndergoing approximately one month.Anatomic observation s ggests as fol- lows.In late April, primitive pistil began to ndergo cell division and cell differentiation after dor- mancy .Ovary and stigma w as growing at that time.Floral bloom and pollination happened respec- tively in the end of April and the beginning of May.After that and n cell s tiss e ov les grew and differentiated integ ment from ov le in the middle M ay.B et u la p laty hy lla has single integ ment, crassin cellate ov les which w ere anatropo s.In the late of M ay, megasporocyte came i