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casting dimensional stability and tolerances - tut(铸件尺寸稳定性和公差u2014u2014图)
CAE DS – High Pressure Die Casting Design
Casting dimensional stability and tolerances
Tampere University of Technology – Tuula Höök
High pressure die casting dimensional and geometrical accuracy depends on the
following details:
− die thermal balance
− die mechanical strength and stiffness
− dragging during ejection
− parting line position
− moving cores position
Die thermal balance
Die thermal balance influences casting dimensional and geometrical accuracy in
many different mechanisms. Basically there are two subjects of the mechanisms: die
and the casting itself.
Die steels have certain coefficients of thermal expansion, which have been noticed
as a part of the casting shrinkage factor. Basically the casting shrinkage factor
consists of thermal expansion of the casting alloy at the casting ejection temperature
and thermal expansion of the die steel. The casting ejection temperature may vary
from cycle to cycle depending on the die temperature; temperature of the alloy; and
heat losses during dosing and the casting shot. If the thermal conditions are stable,
the ejection temperature variation is minimal. It may take 1 – 2 hours after produc‐
tion start‐up before all equipments have reached a thermal balance. If there is even
a 5 ‐ 10 minutes break between machine cycles, the thermal balance is lost.
Thermal expansion of the die steel at the time of the ejection is very difficult to
predict, because the die temperature varies between different parts inside the cavity
and as a function of time. Heat flows rather slowly and as a result this phenomenon
the die steel under cavity warms up a few seconds after the casting is already
ejected. High and narrow projections tend to heat up after a few tens of casting
shots. Narrow projections heat up more than cavity shapes and flat surfaces, be‐
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