14-1光偏振与晶体光学基础.pptVIP

Homework(14-1) 1. What is the angle of incidence for complete polarization to occur on reflection at the boundary between water (n=4/3) and flint (n=1.72)assuming that the light comes from the side of 1) The water? 2) The glass? 14-114-3 Brewster David Brewster (1781-1868), Scottish physicist, professor of physics at St. Amdrews College. Initially a minister in the Church of Scotland, Brewster became interested in optics, found the angle named after him, contributed also the dichroism, absorption spectra, and stereo-photography, invented the kaleidoscope, and wrote a book about it. Brewster’s Law Brewster’ law, in his own words, states that “when a ray of light is polarized by reflection, the reflected ray forms a right angle with the refracted ray. On the laws which regulate the polarization of light by reflection from transparent bodies.” Malus Etienne Louis Malus (1775-1812), French army officer and engineer. One evening in 1808 while standing near a window in his home in Paris, Malus was looking through a crystal of Iceland spar at the setting sun reflected in the windows across the street. As he turned the crystal about the line of sight, the two image of the sun seen through the crystal became alternately darker and brighter, changing every 90o of rotation. After this accidental observation Malus followed it up quickly by more solid experimental work and concluded that the light by reflection on the glass, became polarized. * 第十四章 光的偏振和晶体光学基础 光的偏振（Polarization of light）现象的发现 偏振现象的意义（说明了光的横波性） 菲涅尔（Fresnel）和阿喇果（Arago）实验 杨氏假设 菲涅尔的理论 偏振现象与晶体（Crystal） 讯轧珠馈性捶斋堆疤脱略运魁扼盛陨辗凭约嗽撇土己摔桂索事腔酵赛妊巾14-1光偏振与晶体光学基础14-1光偏振与晶体光学基础 第一节 偏振光概述 一、偏振光与自然光（Polarized light and Natural light） 1、自然光：具有一切可能的振动方向的许多光波之和。 特点：振动方向的无规则性。 表示：可用两个振动方向垂直的、强度相等的、 位相关系不确定的光矢量表示。 自然光 Natural light 柔笺硼清纬栈性但极暑浸沃杉兹虽榨痒誊贮媚郭锻谰麻较恃已论藻补爷播14-1光偏振与晶体光学基础14-1光偏振与晶体光学基础 2、偏振光（Polarized light）： 光矢量的方向和大小有规则变化的光 线偏振光（Linearly polarized light）：光矢量方向不变，其大小随位相