双语：世界上十位一直匿名写作的作家.docxVIP

The identity of Elena Ferrante, the elusive author (and subject of a series of essays in the current issue of T) who has never been photographed, interviewed in person or seen in public, is a matter of intense debate thanks to her sharp, autobiographical novels, which explore female friendship in the context of Italian society. On the eve of the publication of “Those Who Leave and Those Who Stay,” the third volume in Ferrante’s Neapolitan series, we offer a short history of literary masks, from Jonathan Swift to J.K. Rowling.埃琳娜·费兰特(Elena Ferrante)是一个难以捉摸的作家（本期的T杂志中也有若干文章是关于她的），她的照片从未公之于众，从不接受个人访谈，也从不在公众中出现，她那些犀利的、自传性质的小说以意大利社会为背景，探索女人之间的友谊，引发了激烈的争论。新书《离开的和留下来的》(Those Who Leave and Those Who Stay)是她的那不勒斯系列小说的第三卷，在这本书出版前夕，我们来盘点一下那些隐姓埋名的作家们——从乔纳森·斯威夫特(Jonathan Swift)到J·K·罗琳(J. K. Rowling)。Jonathan Swift乔纳森·斯威夫特Thanks to Swift’s cloak-and-dagger tactics, not even his publisher knew the true identity of the author of “Gulliver’s Travels.” The writer sent an intermediary to hand off the manuscript under the cover of night, along with a letter supposedly from Gulliver’s cousin.由于乔纳森采取间谍式的隐瞒策略，连他的出版社也不知道《格列佛游记》(Gulliver’s Travels)的作者是谁。这位作家派中间人在夜间把自己的手稿送出，还附上信函，暗示去信人是格列佛的表亲。Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林(Benjamin Franklin)The founding father used a number of pseudonyms to publish opinionated newspaper pieces: “Silence Dogood” to critique hypocrisy and hoopskirts; “Polly Baker” to argue for women’s rights; “Anthony Afterwit” to detail the tribulations of marriage. Franklin’s most famous alter ego, “Richard Saunders,” authored the popular “Poor Richard’s Almanack” for 25 years.这位美国的建国先贤用一系列笔名在报纸上发表刚愎自用的文章：《不切实际的宁静》批评伪善和带裙撑的长裙；《波利·贝克尔》主张妇女权利；《事后聪明的安东尼》描述婚姻中的痛苦。富兰克林最有名的一个变化人格名叫“查理·桑德斯”(Richard Saunders)，他撰写广受欢迎的《穷查理年鉴》(Poor Richard’sAlmanack)长达25年。Sir Walter Scott沃尔特·司各特爵士(Sir Walter Scott)Nicknamed “The Great Unknown,” Scott secretly published his wildly successful “Waverley” novels and, in so doing, helped forge the genre of historical fiction. He maintained anonymity for years,