黄龙山林区褐马鸡活动区域海拔高度的季节性变化及影响因子-生态学报.DOC

黄龙山林区褐马鸡活动区域海拔高度的季节性变化及其影响因子 李宏群1.2, 廉振民1 ,* , 陈存根3 （1.延安大学生命科学学院，延安716000；2.长江师范学院生命科学系，涪陵 408003； （3. 西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院，杨陵 712100） 摘要： 2006年3月至2007年1月， 在陕西黄龙山林区采用样带法对褐马鸡(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)的栖息地选择进行了调查。在选定的8-9条样带上随机选择利用样方和对照样方各40个，测定了与海拔的季节性变化相关的15个生态因子。研究结果表明：褐马鸡栖息地的海拔高度发生季节性变化，夏季栖息地最高，次之秋季，接下来春季，最低是冬季。对各季节不同海拔褐马鸡的活动频次进行比较，发现春季褐马鸡主要活动区的海拔1400 m，夏季活动于1500 m，秋季主要在1200～1500 m，冬季活动于1300 m。坡位、乔木数量和灌木数量等与靠近水源和增加食物丰富度是其春季喜欢在低海拔区域活动的主要原因；灌丛高度、草本高度、隐蔽级和距林缘距离等与减少人为干扰相关的因子是促使它们在夏季倾向于在高海拔区域活动的主要因素；乔木盖度、灌丛盖度和草本盖度等与增加食物丰富度相关因子导致秋季倾向较高海拔地区活动；冬季距林缘距离、乔木盖度和隐蔽级等与增加食物丰富度和隐蔽性相关因子使其向低海拔地区迁移。 关键词: 褐马鸡；海拔高度；季节变化；黄龙山 Seasonal changes in the ranging area of Brown Eared-Pheasant and its affecting factors in Huanglong Mountains，Shaanxi Province College of Life Science, Yan’an University,Yan’an 716000, China 2 Department of Life Science, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling 408003, China 3 College of Resource and Environmental Science, Northwest A F Universities, Yangling 712100, China Abstract: A study on the seasonal changes in the ranging area of Brown eared-pheasant and its affecting factors were conducted in the Huanglongshan Nature Reserve, Huanglong County, Shaanxi Province, China, from March 2006 to January 2007. Forty used-sites and forty random plots were selected along 8-9 transects crossing the study area. Fifteen factors related to the changes of altitude were measured in each site. The results showed that the altitude of home range of Brown eared-pheasant varied with seasons: the highest home range found in summer, and the lowest one in winter, while the home range in autumn was higher than in spring. According to the occurrence frequencies of Brown eared-pheasant in different seasons, we found its home range mainly occurred at altitude below 1400 m in spring , above 1500 m in summer, between 1200 m and 1500 m in autumn and below 1300 m in winter. The possible reason that Brown eared-pheasants preferred to live at lower altitude in spring was to have access to water sources