测绘知识（Mapping knowledge）.doc

测绘知识（Mapping knowledge） Mapping knowledge Map knowledge 1: what is the geodetic coordinate system? The geodetic coordinate system is a coordinate system established in Geodetic Surveying Based on the reference ellipsoid. The position of the ground points is expressed in terms of geodetic longitude, geodetic latitude, and height of the earth. The establishment of a geodetic coordinate system includes the selection of an ellipsoid, the positioning of an ellipsoid, and the determination of the geodetic data. A global ellipsoid whose shape, size, orientation, and orientation have been determined is called a reference ellipsoid. Once the reference ellipsoid is determined, the earth coordinate system is established. Map knowledge 2: what is the scale of a map? The ratio of the length of a line on the map to the horizontal length of the corresponding line in the field is called the scale of the map. Its forms include digital scale, literal scale and graphic scale. A map with a scale larger than or equal to 10, 000, 000, 000, 000, 1:5, 1:2.5, 1:5, 1:1, 000, etc., can be called a large scale map. A map with a scale of less than 1:10 million and greater than 1:100 million, such as 1:25, 10000, 1:50, 000, etc, can be called a middle scale map. A map with a scale of less than or equal to 1:100 million, such as 1:100, Wan, 1:250, Wan, 1:600, Wan, 1:2000 and so on, can be called a small scale map. Map knowledge 3: the basic principles of Geodesy and Cartography The earth is a very complex and irregular ellipsoid on the natural surface, and the map describes all kinds of cartographic phenomena on the plane. How to establish the corresponding relationship between the earth surface and the map plane? To solve this problem, people have introduced the concept of the earth body. The earth is made up of earth bread. The geoid is assumed to mean water level in the gravity water sea at rest, and this idea penetrates the surface of the island and the mainland, continuous expansion forming