测量基本知识（Basic knowledge of measurement）.doc

测量基本知识（Basic knowledge of measurement） Basic knowledge of measurement.Txt The measurement is the study of the shape and size of the earth, the earths surface to determine various shapes of objects. The science of size and spatial position. The main contents include two aspects of measurement and design. The location of objects and landforms is plotted as a topographic map, providing the use of measurements. Topographic map is calibrated on the spot, called measurement. The measurement of subject classification General surveying. Geodesy. Photogrammetry and remote sensing. Engineering surveying. The main contents of 3 construction survey. Construction preparation stage Construction phase Project completion phase Deformation observation What is the essence of the construction survey work? What are the basic elements to determine the ground point? The essence of construction surveying is to determine the position of points, that is, plane position (X, Y) and elevation H. Determine the basic elements of the ground point, that is, horizontal distance D, horizontal angle B and elevation difference H. The determined location of the spherical coordinate system is what kind of? The coordinate system of the spherical position of the definite point has two categories: the geographical coordinate system and the plane Cartesian coordinate system. The geographical coordinate system is divided into two parts: astronomy, geography coordinate system and geodetic geography coordinate system. Astronomy geography coordinate system is also called astronomical coordinate system. It is the position of ground point. It is based on shot put line and based on Geoid The geodetic coordinate system, also known as the geodetic coordinate system, is the position of the ground point on the ellipsoid, and the datum is the normal and the ellipsoid. The plane Cartesian coordinate system of Gauss is obtained after projection by Gauss - gram. Make a coordinate axis and the main axis of the building a g